He became entangled in barbed wire when he fell down between the two fences. "Only the generals slept alone". Nordeney Forced Labour camp, mostly Soviet, 1500 prisoners. POWs received: one blanket, a towel, a cup, a spoon and a piece of soap. Camps were split into military districts these were as follows: Please note when searching for camps' names, these will not only be listed by type and number but also location. The first was about 12 m (40 ft) long, built from March to August 1943. In May 1940 as the building work progressed small groups of Polish officers were transferred in from other POW camps. Additional wooden barrack huts were also constructed on the grounds, to accommodate the camp's growing prisoner population. On the cold Baltic coast it opened early in 1942 as a British Oflag originally. There was a camp theatre in Marlag and the POWs performed concerts and plays. On a snowy day in December, 1943, while he looked out over the German town of Colditz, POW Bill Goldfinch noticed snowflakes outside his window . | Littledale KIA: August 1944. In 1943 the Germans suggested an exchange of equal numbers of Merchant Navy prisoners, but this offer was refused by the First Lord of the Admiralty A. V. Alexander on the grounds it would be more to Germany's benefit, as it would provide them with a large number of men suitable to be used as U-boat crews, of which they were desperately short. On 31 January the South Compound men plus 200 men from the West Compound went to Stalag 7A at Moosburg in railway boxcars packed 50 men and 1 armed guard in each boxcar. In June 1944 senior American officers captured in the Battle of Normandy were sent to Oflag 64. The Colditz Glider. A memorial was erected there in 1985. Alternatively, search more than 1 million objects from The files WO 208/5437-5450 contain the second, more specific, 'pink' questionnaire that followed on from those in WO 344. An alphabetical list of British and Dominion Air Force PoWs in German hands in 1944-1945 is in AIR 20/2336. The British had begun an escape tunnel, and the Poles continued working on it, and on 20 September 1943, 47 of them escaped. In December 1940, 1,691 Polish prisoners were recorded as being there. The International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva keeps incomplete lists of all known POWs and internees of all nationalities for the Second World War. Several tunnels were started, but the first two ran into problems of extreme flooding, however they were not discovered. Nominee for Best History & Biography (2022). They were employed building new barracks and a water supply. A number of the French were from African colonial regiments and were used for the worst work such as collecting refuse. Robert Beatty, It was carried out by French and Polish prisoners. After the French campaign French prisoners of war were imprisoned here. Lt. Michael Sinclair, a British officer known as the "Red Fox of Colditz" because of his red hair, spent six months training for his escape attempt. Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive were placed in Stalag II-A. The first group of French prisoners of war were brought to Choszczna just after the fall of France in June 1940, The senior officer being Colonel Gonnard. 145 Terramo (Campotosto / Montorio al Vomano). In the middle of April most of the prisoners in the camp and in the outlying Arbeitskommandos were marched westward ahead of the advancing Red Army. More general correspondence on British merchant seamen POWs is in MT 9 (code 106). 150 feet above sea level, bungalows surrounded by playing fields and gardens, educational courses also were held here! Searches are only made in response to written enquiries, and an hourly fee is usually charged. 116 min To some extent, this overlapped with Appendix A and where the distinction was negligible they may even have been merged into one, Gives details of the usefulness of officially provided escape aids carried by pilots and others, which ones were used, and suggested improvements and/or additions. At the instigation of the U.S. and Swiss governments, the International Committee of the Red Cross put pressure on the German government not to keep civilian non-combatants in a POW camp. 00:00. Although using the neutral Red Cross parcel to send items (usually disguised or hidden) in the parcels which would aid would be escapees would contrive the Geneva Convention, MI9 (the British military intelligence section specifically set up for escape and evasion) did fix special parcels. The prisoners lived in the factory buildings which couldnt accommodate such large numbers. The camp, designated Oflag XVIII-B, was opened on 19 October 1939. After the Soviet takeover (in 1945) it was until 1949 a special camp, NKVD-camp Nr. Stalag X-B was a World War II German Prisoner-of-war camp located near Sandbostel in north-western Germany. West of Porto St. Giorgio on the Italian East coast. The camp at Mahrisch-Trubau contained around 2,000 officers, mostly British captured in North Africa and the Greek Islands, but there were also numbers of Greek, French and American POW. When the Soviet front approached, orders were given to move the prisoners to other camps further west. The Famous WWII POW Camp. Stalag Luft III (Sagan) was the camp made famous for its multiple tunnels and mass escape in 1944 The Great Escape, 50 recaptured POWS were murdered by the Gestapo. After the Fall of France in 1940, most Polish officers were transferred to either Oflag VIIA Murnau or Oflag VIII E Johannisbrunn, and French officers were imprisoned in the castle. Sandbostel lies 9 km south of Bremervrde, 43 km northeast of Bremen. The 'Market Garden' plan employed all three divisions of First Allied Airborne Army. Most of these Italian prisoners were suffering from tuberculosis or had been injured while working. The castle sits on a steep hill overlooking the Mulde River as it flows through the small Saxon town of Colditz, about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Leipzig. Opened July 1941, 119 other ranks were held here on 26/2/43. Several escape attempts, one successful on March 29th 1943 - Six British and New Zealand officers escaped through a tunnel from Castello di Vincigliata (Campo 12) near Florence, Italy. It reopened as an other ranks Stalag Luft and officers were transferred in October 1942. The column generally covered less than 10 km (6.2 miles) a day, and steadily diminished in size as prisoners took advantage of the dense forests to slip away. Work camps under the jurisdiction of Stalag IIIB, A civilian work camp for Poles (Gemeinschaftslager). Stalag Luft camps were administered by the Luftwaffe (German air force) rather than all other camps which were administered by the Wehrmacht (Germany regular army), the Luftwaffe used their designations so it is a little confusing that whilst Stalags were for enlisted men under Army designation and Oflags for officers it would logically be named an 'Oflag Luft' since most aircrews were officer ranks. | We have German AND Italiancamp listings in our fully searchable databases! A SHAEF report dated 10/2/45 confirmed this move and the dispersal of the POWs amongst various camps. Ben Macintyre returns here, with his devilishly absorbing writing style, to examine one of the legendary POW camps used by the Germans to house Allied officers during the Second World War, Colditz Castle. German and Italian camps! It contained as many as 20,000 men at its peak, although up to 60,000 were incarcerated there at one time or another. In order to accommodate them the entire population of Marlag "M" were moved into "O". Oflag IV-D Elsterhorst was a World War II German Army Prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers located near Hoyerswerda in Saxony, 44 km north-east of Dresden. When a prison guard pointed a pistol at his head and threatened to shoot, Upham calmly ignored him and lit a cigarette. It was liberated by a Soviet armoured division on 28 April 1945. Previously, in September 1944, after lengthy negotiations, 125 elderly and sick prisoners were repatriated to Great Britain via Sweden. Medical reports on conditions in POW camps, with some reports on escapes, are among the Medical Historian's Papers in WO 222/1352-1393. Borkum Organisation Todt labour camp 500-1000 at any one time. Stalag XVIII-B Spittal Drau Opened March 1941. I particularly liked the last chapter, where he followed up on what happed to the main characters. Liberated Prisoner of War Interrogation Questionnaires. Those who fell to the side of the road were rumored to have been shot, but were more likely to have been loaded onto the dead cart at the end of the column used to carry the dead, dying, and sick all piled into the cart together and carried to the next stopping point. His job was to keep them imprisoned and their job was to escape. Many of the prisoners also found inventive ways to get under the skin of their captors. The castle was first used as a camp in 1933-34, named KZ Hohnstein. The first POWs arrived on 12 September. Useful intelligence was more generally obtained from naval or air force personnel by studying the reasons for their capture or failure of equipment and so on, This continued the report narrative from the point where the escaper or evader came under an escape organisation within a POW camp. From May 1940, after the invasion of Norway and the Battle of France, prisoners arrived in large numbers, until they totalled 150,000 from all occupied countries, except Britain. They crossed a bridge over the river Oder on 21 January, reached Goldberg on 5 February, and were loaded onto a train. Located in a building that was previously a school, closed early in April 1945. In June 1940 French and Belgian prisoners from the Battle of France began to arrive. The files WO 208/5451-5460 contain the detailed recommendations for honours and awards made to foreign civilians and military personnel who assisted Allied escapers and evaders. By May 10, when news of the German surrender reached them, half the POWs had vanished. 23 wooden huts were burnt down. POWs hired out to military and civilian contractors were supposed to receive pay and to get a least one day a week of rest. Sub-camps sometimes held more than 1,000 prisoners, usually split by nationality, although English speakers were usually together for this purpose. Infamous for the unprecedented murder under the orders of Hitler/Himmler by the Gestapo of 50 Prisoners of War and the attempted cover up of these murders afterwards. William Sylvester, R Many escaped but most were returned to the prison. The Germans could not be collaborated with. The German records were taken between September 1944 and March 1945, the Italian records August 1943 and were recorded by the Casualty (PW) Branch of the Directorate of Prisoners of War in London during the war. On 25 February 1945 most of the remaining prisoners were forced to march westward in advance of the Soviet offensive and endured great hardships before they were freed by Allied troops in April 1945. The Czech people in the villages and towns, through which they passed, passed food and clothing to them. Laurence Fox, 50 min On 31 August 1942 Canadian officers captured during the Dieppe Raid arrived. J.W. P.G. Each hut held approximately 50 prisoners, and each compound had 20 huts, the Hut Commander slept in an area which doubled as an admin office. This was a work camp, making roads and operating a stone quarry. | Many others were billeted in Arbeitskommando working in factories, repairing railways or on farms. E902 Delbruckschachte-Hindenburg coal mine. This camp also housed Civilian internees from the Channel islands sent there for punishment. Stalag VII-A Moosburg Bavaria Location N/E 48-12 (Work Camps 3324-46 Krumbachstrasse 48011, Work Camp 3368 Munich Location N/E 48-11). | Some of the few remaining unevacuated Alderney natives (around about 2% of the population) also found themselves in there. Director: Within months two officers from Dssel, Lieutenant Jock Hamilton-Baillie and Captain Frank Weldon, proposed digging a tunnel north from Block 2's latrine to a villager's chicken coop about 30 m (98 ft) away. We have German AND Italian camp listings in our fully searchable databases! Several single story stone buildings here near the Village of Erika, about 290 British POWs worked nearby at a local Briquette factory, there was also a large mine in this area. Originally opened in June 1942, 1002 officers were held here on 26 Feb 1943. The camp was located on the outskirts of the village of Wutzezt. From May and June 1940 Dutch and Belgian prisoners arrived from the Battle of France, followed by French. 25052 (7792 British) with 1310 officers, work detailed to coal mines locally. The camp was reopened in 1 October 1939 to house Polish generals and their staffs captured during the German September 1939 offensive. The first prisoners, 140 Polish officers, arrived in 1939 and the castle was officially renamed as Oflag IV-C. Use on personal social media accounts, provided the individuals are not promoting themselves commercially. While these two series of reports are duplicates, researchers are advised to order both copies as the second series, in particular, can include Appendices. Collective alphabetical listings of POWs (as opposed to individual pouches) are contained in BT 373/3717-3722. In October 1940 the first three British prisoners were sent into the camp, they. 111 min An alphabetical listing of all camps for POWs and Hospitals, work camps and internment camps known in German-controlled areas. The Colditz Story: Directed by Guy Hamilton. The lower-ranking officers were incarcerated in the lower levels of the fortress. On 26/2/43 there were 247 officers and 2898 other ranks interned here. 9 miles west of the port of Brindisi, mainly Indian POWs. In fact the prisoners had been in control of the camp since the 8th, the day of the German surrender. As in camps across Europe, with the support and direction from escape committees, prisoners used a number of methods for escape, with tunnels and disguises being the most popular along with forged identification papers. On 8 September 1943, the day of the Italian Armistice, the gates at the Bologna POW camp were thrown open and those inside invited by their guards to break for freedom. Italy also had civilian internment camps although certain POW camps had some civilian prisoners also. 126 POWs held here as of 26th February1943, originally opened July 1942. Many escapes, evasion and liberation reports (see below) include one or more Appendices. The exact date of the escape is not known, but many sources quote it as occurring during the Whitsun weekend. There were also seven Dutch and 27 Polish generals, with orderlies. This is sometimes confusing as Italy also had concentration camps in the normal sense of the word for holding of Political opponents and Jews. This was the first mass escape of the war by British officers, and the first tunnel constructed by RAF POWs to be completed and used. This camp was used after the armistice to house the 40,000 Jews from Modena/Bologna before their transfer to Auschwitz. Oflag XVII-A, was located between the villages Edelsbach and Dllersheim, in the district of Zwettl in the Waldviertel region of north-eastern Austria. Macintyre has always been a fantastic storyteller who makes history come alive, but you can almost feel the walls of Colditz closing in on you while reading this, and I think hes outdone himself in conveying how history feels to its participants. Originally most soldiers and officers had been released after the end of the Norwegian campaign, but as resistance activities increased, the officers were rearrested and sent to POW camps. Levings the RMO of that unit, was sent to Campo 57, to run its hospital facilities. Mark Robson Most of these were farms and agricultural sub camps. In 1942 the French officers were transferred to other camps and replaced with Polish officers. Director: Other ranks lived 18 to a tent (made of Italian groundsheets), slept on duck-boards with straw mattresses and two Italian blankets each, and had regular though not always sufficient rations. Wing Commander and air ace Douglas Bader's man was a medical orderly by profession and according to the Geneva Convention was offered early repatriation only to have Bader, his officer, refuse to let him go! The first Soviet prisoners arrived in October 1941, and were housed in a separate enclosure. Opened 12/44, this is possibly either a redesignated Oflag IIa or a sub camp of Oflag IIa. Situated near Lauchammer between a foundry and a gun finishing factory, no information on POWs held. Stalag XXa (also known as Stalag 301, 312 and 357). Four managed to reach Switzerland, the rest were recaptured. After the Italian Armistice September 1943, 11 officers and 14 other ranks escaped with Italian partisan and SOE help. [6] A popular diversion was provided by the "Milag Jockey Club" which held race meetings every Saturday evening. 172 min On 12 April 1945 large numbers were marched to Stalag VII-A, and on 16 April the camp was liberated by advance elements of the United States Army, Stalag XVII-A Kaisersteinbruck Bei Bruck Austria Location N/E 48-16. Ron Arad - Israeli fighter pilot, shot down over Lebanon in 1986; not seen since 1988 and is presumed dead; Everett Alvarez, Jr. - Navy aviator, Vietnam War POW, held for 8 years, second longest period as a POW in American history (after Floyd James Thompson) B []. These are listed just for reference as scant details exist that we have sourced so far, the numbers are the geographic location code for the camp. Brian Keith, The POW population in Stalag XVII B was around 100,000 with up to 40,000 in the camp proper and another 60,000 prisoners outside the camp assigned to Arbeitskommando (Work Detail) groups to provide labour for nearby farms, factories and businesses. Sports equipment and textbooks were obtained from the Red Cross and YMCA. They were moved to a different location closer to Cuxhaven, Westertimke, in 1942. Most British & Commonwealth Stalags, Oflags and Dulags are all listed above. Stars: These contain miscellaneous papers relating to the circumstances of loss/capture. However there seldom were horses available, so teams of POWs pulled the wagons through the snow. Work parties were drawn from this camp to work at Agricultural tasks under Campo 106 and 107. Stars: Edward Fox, Approved Camp closed following a mass breakout of POWs after the armistice. A Leipzig 4-5 storey hotel near Konig Albert park housed 89 British POWs. Used for punishment and for keeping peristent escapers. Out of POW yard into Kommandantur attics, into storeroom on south side of German yard, Jumped fence in park, wearing civilian clothes. IWM collections. Paul Chapman, By July 1944 it housed 9,000 Allied airmen. Soon after their arrival the senior Canadian officer, Brigadier W.W. Southam, convened a conference which compiled an after action report on the Raid. For lack of huts they were mostly housed in tents. Nominal card indexes to the principle series of escape and evasion reports in WO 208/3298-3327 (pre-D-Day) and WO 208/3348-3352 (post-D-Day) can be searched on findmypast.co.uk. District XIX Nearest city Leipzig in the east of Germany. 14,425 106 US POWs here on the road to Falkenburg. The camp was adjoined on one side to Stalag VIIIc, the 'other ranks' army camp, although the administration of both camps was entirely seperate. The transferred records consist of three principal series: the individual Claims Folders, serially numbered (with gaps) for over 100,000 helpers; the numbered and unnumbered Correspondence Files of the Allied Screening Commission; and the Routing Slips of Paying and Investigating Officers of the Commission. Feldpost- a postal address for military use, these usually have a 5 digit number designation and would be prefixed M for Naval addresses and L for Air Force addresses. The camp was divided into three sections when liberated. These were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941. Sep 1939 - Dulag Gneixendorf was created; renamed Stalag XVII B Oct 1939; received first American POWs in Oct 1943 (that part of the camp was then called Stalag Luft XVII B). In 1939 as a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact it was annexed by the Soviets and on July 26, 1941 was occupied by the Nazis and is now in the Ukraine. Located at Szubin a few miles south of Bydgoszcz, in Pomorze, Poland, which at that time was occupied by Nazi Germany. Nearly 100,000 Allied POWs passed through this camp at some time during the war. Twice as many KL inmates were then housed in, the already overcrowded, British POW barracks here. For four years during WWII, Colditz Castle in Germany was a prison for Allied officers (and some lower ranking prisoners who served as their orderlies). Stalag II-D Stargard Pomerania, Prussia Location N/E 53-15. District I in what is now known as Olsztyn, Poland, then it was in East Prussia. Stalag IX-B Bad Orb Hessen-Nassau, Prussia Location N/E 50-09. The location of Colditz Castle, situated on a steep conical hill above the River Mulde and surrounded by barbed wire and under the watchful eyes of armed sentries, made the camp difficult, but not impossible, to escape from. Moosburg was the central point in Southern Germany for the distribution of Red Cross parcels. On 5 May 1945 the Norwegians were transported east to a camp near Lignica in Silesia, then travelled for several days by train to Hamburg and Aarhus, Denmark, finally arriving in Oslo on 28 May 1945. Like the Soviets they were not accorded the protection of the Third Geneva Convention and were housed next to them. Other camps found as listed but without designations (mostly civilian): Ellera Corciano, Castiglione della Valle/Castel Serena & Pietraffita Tavernelle. Concerts and plays captured in the East of Germany Pomerania, Prussia Location N/E.. N/E 53-15 301, 312 and 357 ) conditions in POW camps of Bydgoszcz in. An other ranks interned here African colonial regiments and were housed next to them 2022! Fee is usually charged a week of rest opened early in 1942 as camp! Sub camps began to arrive see below ) include one or more Appendices to escape East.. British Oflag originally in the summer of 1941 as being there is now as! 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