On the far left is the control surfaces root-side width, as a decimal part of the chord length of the wing section it is placed on. Based on the radius, design RPM, and design speed of the propeller, Plane Maker will automatically calculate an angle of attack for the length of the propeller. An instrument overlay is a small image that moves during flight to provide the moving parts of a panel. It is also used to form the panel texture in most cases. It is similar to brightness/contrast adjustment, or the remap operator. In the Gear Warnings box at the bottom of the screen, check the box in the far right column labeled gear warning horn equipped to have XPlane play a warning noise if you do not lower the landing gear when you reduce power. [, Scale to Fit overflows into a second line. Enable this option for objects that wont be missed from far away. Using these boxes, you can define the engines' specific fuel consumption (SFC)-that is, the amount of fuel burned per hour per engine horsepower. Press the 'Install' button and select the .zip file you downloaded. Back-Lit: the instruments regular texture is lit by the flood and spots. This option will override a users reduced texture resolution settings, which are almost always changed to avoid overloading a lower-tier GPU. Note that you must use the same placement of the aircrafts parts in each of your liveries; that is, the fuselage, wings, wheels, etc. Wheel fairings are simply bodies, and can be attached to any given gear by selecting it in the attach to gear drop down. A livery is a second set of paint textures that can be selected in XPlane by opening the detailed aircraft screen in Flight Configuration, and selecting one of the liveries from the list. Additional details for a propeller-driving engine are set in the box labeled Prop Engine Specs, located in the Engines dialog boxs Engines 1 tab and shown in Figure4.9. Work fast with our official CLI. Next, lets talk about correcting heading. Objects used as slung loads are simply standard XPlane OBJ files with a weight specified. For instance, in Figure5.2, the cycle time for the slider on the far right would be set using the #3 time parameter in the Systems dialogs Sliders tab. TSFC is calculated as fuel flow divided by thrust. The units on the maximum pressure are not specified; the hydraulics modeling is not detailed enough for the units to matter, so they can be anything. However, there is more to defining the position of, for instance, a wing than to say that it is five feet behind the tip of the fuselage. [, Fix (studio-reported) Armature: bug in handling of custom bone transform. There are only 12 generic instruments; each type represents a different mechanism (e.g. Then, open the Special menu and click Generate OBJ from Aircraft. Plane Maker will create a file called aircraft.obj in the main XPlane directory. On the X-Plane Developer site you can download the required FMOD starter project and learn more about tying FMOD sounds to your aircraft. Figure 3.13 shows the parameters to specify a single control surface (namely, an aileron). To the right of each subsystems label are a number of check boxes, corresponding to the number of buses selected on the Electrical tab (6 maximum, with buses 13 corresponding to the top row of check boxes and buses 46 to the bottom row). Piper Autocontrol - Hides other configuration options and configures the autopilot to behave like this generic low-tech non-microprocessor autopilot. This is most commonly set to 1.000: for each rotation of the engine, the propeller rotates once. In X-Plane, high-quality 3-D objects may be used as overlays for parts of the aircraft, for 3-D cockpits, or for elements of the scenery. Use this box to change the idle speed, as a ratio of the default Plane Maker estimate. For a slider example, consider a staircase for a regional jet which needed to deploy over the course of 10 seconds. While there are default image files that will be used if the PNG file is blank, you should not use the default images. A detent is a stopping place for the flaps, a middle-of-the-road between being totally retracted and totally extended. On the left is the Instrument List, which is combined with the Preview, Description, and Properties panes, and on the right is the Hierarchy, combined with the Key Frames pane. If detents is enabled, the handle will be a bit sticky at the exact values specified in the key frame table. Each piece has four parameters that can be set. The Foil Specs box controls all the basic properties of a wing section. This section allows quick transfer of data between different color layers, vertex groups and uv layers on the same object. This will cause the sim to show a straight-forwards 3-d view in place of the 2-d panel, which will (in turn) never be shown. The new convention, and the one you should use when creating new aircraft, is to name the image to match the cockpit setting in Plane Makers Viewpoint dialog box. In addition to setting the red, yellow, and green ranges for the aircrafts systems, the Limits 1 and Limits 2 tabs determine the units used in displaying torque, temperature, and power. Radio Button: holding down the mouse sets the highest key frame value, releasing does nothing. This tells the autopilot how fast to roll the plane. If there is more than one instrument in the panel, guide lines will appear to which the instrument will snap, allowing you to align instruments perfectly. Double click on a point to lock its position, protecting it from being smoothed. Note that if you use all the tabs in Misc Wings 1, you can move on to Misc Wings 2, enabling you to model up to 36 different wings and wing-like bodies. The fuel load is the total weight of fuel that the aircraft can carry. Note that you can only use the Insert button when you have fewer than 20 stations. Add the cockpit object in the Misc Objects screen as described in the section Attaching 3-D Objects. For instance, in Figure 2.6, weve lengthened the wing segment by about 20 feet. Plane Maker will create a new aircraft with nothing but a cylindrical fuselage. [, Removing an image used for camera background from python console crashes blender. Weve been referring to each of the gridded white boxes as containing a slice of the fuselage. Finally, remember that there is one number that controls how hard we try to get to our target (CDI gain, roll and pitch errorthink of this as a spring constant) and one number that controls our anticipation (CDI prediction, roll and pitch predictionthink of this as a damping constant). Of course, a cross-section could have a negative value here and be moved in front of the reference point. How far left or right? You signed in with another tab or window. At the 35 degree per second tail-wag of a Cessna 172, the control system would put in as much as about 35% rudder deflection to stabilize the planes yaw motion. What we havent touched on yet is the steering characteristics of the gear, as well as the properties of the wheels themselves. [, Fix LLVM 12 symbol conflict with Mesa drivers, after recent Linux libs update. These pieces serve a couple of purposes. To create a new aircraft project, open the File menu and click New. These systems are modeled in Plane Maker using the Systems dialog box, found in the Standard menu. When an instrument has been added to the panel layout, it will appear in the Hierarchy pane. Finally, in the kill Dataref box on the left side of the line, you can choose a dataref that, when it has a non-zero value, disables an attached object from being drawn. For each of your gears created in the Gear Loc tab of the Landing Gear dialog box, you can choose to add a streamlined fairing. There are two nosewheel steering parameters on the Gear Location tab. The default sounds are located in the sounds folder, within the Resources folder in the XPlane 12 folder. First, find the instrument youre looking for in the instrument list (labeled 2 in Figure 5.1) and click on it. If you are running the latest version and still have problems, you can check for problem files by manually running the installer found on the XPlane website. A number of controls will appear that specify the autopilot constants for your airplane. There, navigate to the folder containing the .acf file you want to modify, then double click on the ACF, or click once and click the Open button. offset, rib chord, and angle (or element) of incidence, as seen in Figure4.13. Pop the rudders left and right and notice how the plane damps out faster, as would a real plane if such a yaw damper were installed. Remember that there are two things happening with these controls: the amount the autopilot moves the command bars, and the amount it moves the controls to capture those command bars. The custom cursor property, which lets you override the default cursor. To further customize the propeller, see the additional options in the Prop Engine Specs box of the Engines 1 tab. For more on using slung loads, see the section Creating and Adding Slung Loads in Chapter 7. Put the two position images of the switch in one .png side by side - same size for each. For instance, if, when looking at the body, you saw 13 real divisions, you would input 15 stations here: 13 real sections, which meet at a point at the nose and tail, for a total of 15. General aviation aircraft might have only one or two stopping points, while airliners might have many more. The rheostats range is limited by the low and high key frames in the key frame table. Fairings are modeled just like the fuselage and the miscellaneous bodies; there is a Section, Top/Bottom, and Front/Back tab for each fairing. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. The RGB controls for each of the three cockpit lights are located in the top left of the 3-D Cockpit Lighting box. Figure 4.5: The inverted fuel and oil systems equipped check box. First, they represent the divisions of the wing on which XPlane will calculate forces for its flight simulation. It is also possible to create an animation sequence for parts of the aircraft which you do not want tied to an actual switch in the instrument panel. Panel backgrounds in Plane Maker can follow one of two naming conventions. Increasing this will result in a smoother blur. The hierarchy determines draw order. For example, the airspeed in sim/cockpit2 will go to zero as the pitot tube ices up. lift fan a downward-facing fan, such as is used in the F-35 Lightning II to facilitate vertical takeoff and landing. If you are ever unsure of what a parameter controls, mousing over it is a good way to get help. All Channels (Off) - If swap is disabled, the data from the 'Src' channel will be copied to all channels of the 'Dst' layer. If you have more than one bus, specify which bus each battery and generator feeds using the input boxes at the bottom of the Batteries, Generators, and Buses box. First, lets take a look at the top box, where the controls deal with the throttle control of the aircraft. weather, which contains sounds for thunder, wind, and rain. [, DrawManager: High quality normals for non meshes. at 90 degrees per secondthat is, the tail moves in one second from being straight in line to pointing full left or full right. This add-on is mostly designed for people who use vertex colors as extra non-color data, such as artists making models for games, where such data can be useful for creating interesting shader effects, or for storing baked light data. This allows you to tweak your aircraft ahead of changes, instead of reacting to them after the new flight model becomes official. To do so, go to the Settings > General screen in XPlane and check the box to Use experimental flight model in the Flight Model section. For helicopters, it should be the half the propwash only, since a helicopters forward speed is only a small component of the airflow into the rotor from above. If the conditions are met, the upper image in the png file is used, otherwise the lower ones are used. In the main Plane Maker window sits a 3-D model of the aircraft youre working on. In this case the click step and hold step would be in dataref units. [, IDProperty iterator fails when the data its looping over goes out of scope. All aircraft lose some power in the transference of energy from the engine to the actual turning of the propeller; this is power lost to the transmission. Once again, these numbers need to be tuned in pitch and roll modes, or maybe heading and vertical speed modes, to get them set perfectly, with nice, snappy, precise autopilot response, before the autopilot is tested on an ILS. [, Grease Pencil: MacOS: broken Gradient and Texture. After you pick your dataref you have to set up the key frames. VTOL cyclic a large rotor in the style of a standard helicopter rotor. The first box adjusts how quickly the autopilot changes the throttle setting. No Click: clicking does nothing. With the backbone of the electrical system configured, you can use the Systems dialogs Bus 1 and Bus 2 tabs to specify how much amperage each electrically-powered subsystem requires and from which bus it draws its power. Normally, Plane Maker calculates the chord length of each piece (again, the distance from its leading to its trailing edge) by interpolating between the root chord and the tip chord, which you set in this tabs Foil Specs box. Wing sweep is used to allow high-speed travel (above Mach 0.7 or so), because the wing does not have to attack the air head-on. In the right half of each box, the half power SFC or half static thrust SFC for each altitude should be set to the specific fuel consumption in pounds of fuel per hour per horsepower of the engine when the engine is at half power. 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